Granulation is a decorative process in jewelry that consists of applying minute spheres of gold to a surface of similar gold alloy and then heating the entire piece to a temperature high enough to form a permanent bond between the surface and the spheres. Earliest examples of granulation were discovered in Minoan tombs on the island of Crete, dating from around 2000 B.C.E. but the finest examples were produced by Etruscan goldsmiths between the eighth and second centuries, B.C.E., some of which can be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Even with modern tools and knowledge few goldsmiths today have sufficient skill to compete with the Etruscan's mastery of this process. Thus, artistic skill, scientific understanding and perseverance are all necessary to achieve successful granulation. In the tradition of ancient Etruscan craftsmen, each one-of-a-kind piece created by Zaffiro is individually handcrafted by either Jack or Elizabeth Gualtieri. The jewelry exhibits the highest standards of skill and attention to detail. Looking beyond the traditional, Zaffiro has expanded from the classic 22kt yellow gold granulation into a variety of metal colors and combinations, each having its own collection. The jewelry is constructed and granulated in 22kt gold with the exception of the Chiara and Isabella Collections. Some pieces employ 18kt gold in a supporting role as ear posts, ring bands and other mechanical elements. The gemstones used are carefully selected to complement the designs in quality and integrity. Diamonds used are of vs/f-g quality and any colored gemstone treatment information is available upon request. The Chiara, Meredith, Jacqueline and Isabella Collections are methods of granulation that have been developed by Zaffiro. Jack and Elizabeth Gualtieri are proud of Zaffrio's jewelry and of its handcrafted character. That is why they ensure that only perfect pieces leave the studio maintaining the excellence of all of their jewelry. CLASSIC: Zaffiro's unique interpretation of traditional 22kt yellow gold granulation.   CHIARA: Platinum granulation onto 22kt yellow gold.   ISABELLA: Platinum granulation onto Platinum.   JACQUELINE: 22kt rose gold granulation onto 22kt rose gold.   MEREDITH: 22kt white gold granulation onto 22kt white gold.